| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 500 | (天花) (白喉) (流感) (水痘 | ) (流行性腮腺炎) | | | | | | 1 | 431 — | 404 | | | | | | 165 | 15 | 2000 | | | | | | | 2 | 6 | | | 800 | | 1347 1352 | | | (黑死病) | | | | | (鞭刑运动) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 3 | | | | 1157 — | | 1500 | | | | 8 | 1518 | ( ) | | | | | | 165 | 2000 | | 17 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1520 (危地马 | 拉) 1525 1526 | | | | | | | | | 2500 | | | 4 (霍乱) | | 50%— | 70% 19 20 | | | | | | | | | 19 | | | | 1820 | 1822 | | 5 | 20 | | (抗生素) | | 20 | | | | | (结核杆菌) | (库鲁 | 病) (军团病) (艾滋病) | (拉沙热) (埃博拉) (疯牛 | 病 (非典型肺炎) | | | | | | 1 | | | | | | | | 1546 | | | | | | | 2 17 | | 19 | | | | | | | 1877 | | 19 20 | | | | | 1878 (回归热) | 1879 (淋病) | 1880 | (链球菌) | (葡萄球菌) | (肺炎双球菌) 1882 | (炭疽杆菌) | 1883 (白喉杆菌) | (霍乱弧菌) 1884 | (破伤风杆菌) 1887 | (脑膜炎双球菌) | 1894 (鼠疫杆菌) | 1897 (痢疾杆菌) | | 3 19 | (麻疹) (脊髓 | 灰质炎) | | | | 1928 | (黄热病) | | | | | 20 | 1939 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1 | | | | | 14 | | 1348 | | 1377 | | 30 40 | 17 | | | | | | | | | | 2 16 | | 20 | | 1904 (砷化合物) | | 1909 | 606 | | 1910 | | | 1927 1000 | | | (百浪多息) | | | | | (败血症) | 15% | | | | 3 1929 | | | 10 1940 | | (青霉素) | 1942 | | | | | 1944 | (链霉素) | | | | | (放线菌素) (土霉素) (金霉 | 素) (新霉素) | | | | | | | | | | | 4 (疫苗) 16 | | | | | 1717 | | | | 18 | | | | | | | 1796 | | 1959 | | 1979 | | | | | | A | B C | | | | 5 | 19 | 20 | | | | | | | | 1958 11 | 20 | 1979 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |